perkins



OTOMWOGRAPHER. WASHINGTUN n c KINs, formerly of Newburyport, in the State.

UNITED sTATEs PATENT OEEIOE. f

ANGIER M. PERKINS, OE LONDONQENGLAND, AssIGNoR OE ONEHALE To MERRITT MOORE ROBINSON.. Y H

MODE oF HEATING BUILDINGS AND EvAroRATINs ELUIDs specification of Letters Patent No. ses, datedeugust 2o, 183e.`

f To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, ANGIER MARCH IIE-R*` of Massachusetts, in the United States `of America, but now residing in Great Coram street, London, in the county of Middlesex, in the Kingdom of Great Britain, engineer, have invented certainrimprovemen'ts in apparatus for heating buildingsby the circu lation of heated water or any other Huid or fluid metal through metallic tubes, and which invention is applicable also to other purposes; and I, the said ANGEER MARCH PERKINS, do` declare the nature of my said invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed are particularly described and ascertained in and by t-he following description thereof, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed and `to the figures and letters marked thereonposes which require the heating medium to be at a higher degree of temperature than that of boiling water. Arnd my improvements consist in circulating water or any otherfluid or duid metal in tubesorpipes which are closed in all parts allowing a sufficient space for the expansion of l the water or other fluid or fluid metal contained within the apparatus by which means the water or other fluid or fluid metal will at all times be kept in contact with the metal however high the degree of heat such apparatus maybe submitted to and yet at the same time there will be no danger of bursting the apparatus` in consequence of the wateror other fluid or fluid metal having suiicient space to expand. But in order that my invention maybe fully understood and carried into effect I will now describe the ldrawings hereunto annexed which represent the improvements applied in various ways. i

Description of the drawz'ngs-PlanA.- Figure l, shows the section ofthe descrip-` tion of furnace I prefer and'Fig. `2, a plan also in section. l a 1. l

In each of these figures the same letters of reference indicate similar parts andysuchis the case in the other figures in the drawings. The description of tubes which I have used and find to answer are what arecalljed drawn gas tubing and the size I most commonly employ is about one inchl outside `di-xgf ameter and the diameter of the inner area is about of an inch but I donot connemyself to the use of this size tubing.

InFigs. 1 and 2, a, a, a, is a coil of tubing which is placed within the furnaceas shown in the drawing, b is a tube by which the water or other fluid or fluid, metal passes from the coil a when ina heated state, and c is the tube by which thewateror other fluid or fluid metal is returnedto the `coil after `1 giving off the heatto effect the object for which the apparatus -is applied whether forV 'heating the airin buildings evaporating y willbe more fully fluids or heating metal as The furnace consists of two Z and e, the compartment 0l is that in which the fuel is burned and the compartmente surrounds that atcZ and is al sortof hot compartments chamber in which the coil of tubes a is and thence passes into Jthe chimney g. The description of fuel which Iprefer is coke or stone or othercoal as free .frombie ignited fuel at f into the compartment et?" tuminous matter as possible, which is put int-o the compartment el at the upperlpart at h over which there is placed. at all times a coverV to preventany draft inthat direc` tion by which means when the fire is lighted and the fuel is filled up to the top of theV compartment d and theopening at It covered i t-he air which produces the combustion will pass up through the re bars at i and the fuel on suchbars will in a short timebecome an ignited mass.

j is an opening or door in the front of the `furnace by which the samemay be stoked or the fire lighted. l

Figs. 8, 4c and 5 show the manner iin which I construct the jointsof the apparatus which are shown on a larger scale forthefpurpose of making them more clear. Fig. 33, shows@ in section the Vmanner of connecting two tubes lc and Z. I It will be seen that the end of the tube lo is tapered off both inside` and out to a sharp edge which buts against the straight surface of the end o-f the tube ZV; On the ends'of'these tubes are cut screws the one having a right hand screw the other a left hand screw and by means of the cou- `pling piece m which has a female screw out right and left the twoVv ends of the tubes 7c and Z are brought together and by this means 'closed at theV top havinga small screw hole to let out the air when the apparatus is lled with water or other fluid or fluid metal Vbut which is kept perfectly closed when the air is driven out. rIhis tube n is usually made of a larger size than those in which the circulation takes place and in this tube there should be an area equal tothe quantity of expansion which will Vtake place in the water or other iiuid or fluid metal contained 'in the other tubes and as water expands to about one twentieth without being converted into steam I have at least double that quantity of capacity in the tube or vessel n. 0, o, are Vtwo short tubes formed with cones at their two ends. V'Ihese cones enter into holes perforated in the tube o?, and into the ends of the tubes 29 and g the tube p being the one by which the hot water or other fluid or fluid metal is conveyed from the coil a after it has become heated and thetube or pipe g" is the point at which the'apparatus is filled with water or other Huid or fluid metal and by which the height of the water or other iiuid or fluid metal is regulated and thistube g is to be placed in such a position that there shall be sufficient space above it inthe tube n to allow for expansion.

On the tubes p and q are two collars r formed and by means of the two plates 8,' s,

and the screw bolts and nuts t, t there will.

bea strong water tight joint formed to all Y the parts. At the top o of the pipe there is a collar r formed and by the plates w and the screws and nuts m the cone y is strongly held in the opening of the tube q by which the same is made water tight when the apparatus has been filled with water or other fluid or fluid metal. To Vthe bottom of the expansion tube a is connected the pipe b by similar coupling to that described in Fig. 3. Having now described the manner in Vwhich Iconceive it best to construct the various parts of the apparatus I proceed to explain some applications of the same. -v

Fig. 6, shows a longitudinal view and 'Y Fig. 7 shows a plan of an arrangement for applying my improvements to hot plates which are intended to be used by copper plate and other printers for the purpose of heating the plates from which impressions are to be taken. I have not thought it necessary to show the pressesor any other parts and it will be 'evident that a large number of Vpresses may havetheir 'plates A heated by oneV set of tubes.

The tube p is the one which as'above described conveys the heated water or other.

fluid or fluid metal from the furnace and the tube c returns it back tothe coil after it has given Voff its heat. 1 The mannerxinwhich I kconstruct the plates A is as follows: I make a rectangular mold to the 'size required, and

Yplace therein the bent part of the tube p and then fill the mold with melted lead'or other metal according to the degrees of heat such plates are intended to bear by which means I produce metal Vsurfaces which become heated by the passage of the 'heatedr water or other fluid or'fluid metal through the tubes p and it is evident that such heated platesv may be appliedrin a variety of ways and for a variety of purposes such for instance as hot plates for cooking purposes.`

Fig. 8 shows the manner of applying the apparatus to a rectangular Vboiler which boiler is shown in plan and is applicable to the' boiling of syrup in making or refining sugar by which it will `beseen the heated water or other fluid or fluidV metal is made to circulate through a series of tubes and give off its heat to the fluid contained in the boiler or these tubes may be made to pass into Ysteam or other boilers in a similar man-V ner and vwill cause the fluid contained in such boiler to becomeheated and evaporated. VIn heating the air of rooms in buildings the tubes 79 and c vmay be made to pass around` the flooring of each room and where a large quantity of heat is desired it will sometimes be desirable to have more'than one pipe passing to and from the coil of pipes contained in the Vfurnacewhereby a larger quantity of heated surface will be presented which being heated to a high degree of'temperature will give 0E the same tothe air contained in the room or buildings and warm the same, and I have found that when the circulating tubes'present a surface equal to three times that of the coil of tubes in the furnace I have not been able to burst the tubes. VHaving now described the nature of my above described.

invention and the manner of carrying the` `claim as my improvements in `such apparatus or method for heating the vair in .buildings heating and evaporating fluids and heatingmetal consists in circulating water or any other'fluid or fluid metal in tubes or pipes closed in all parts and having suf-` cient space allowed for the expansion of the water or other fluid or fluid metal-as To make the construction of the furnaces more perfectly intelligible I must refer to drawing B in which I have given other views of -the furnace which'I chiefly use. The forms and dimensions of the furnaces belonging 4to theapparatus necessarily vary according to the .localities of' the place where they are erected and to the quantity of work required of them. Under common circumstances the size is about three feet six inches square increasing to six feet according to the extent of pipe connectedi with it. The furnace in drawing B is four feet six inches square and is considered a powerful one, the lire occupies a small space in the center raised about one foot from the ground and the fuel is supplied from the hopper door at the top.

An inspection of the explain the construction. Figure 1 is a plan of furnace above the grate. Fig. 2, plan below the grate. Fig. 3, a section on the line a b (Fig. l) and Fig. 4, section on the line c d; a, a, a, common brick work; b, b, b, Welsh fire lumps; c c 0 fire bricks supporting coil; chal the wells or reservoirs for the dust and soot which would otherwise clog the coil; c e doors for clearing out the dust, &c.; f, ash-pit door; g, bearing barsfor grate; h, the grate; z', an iron plate `for separating the ash-pit lfrom the drawing B `will best tubes; 7c, tubes forming coil; Z, double firedoor for clearing out the scoria'or clinkers; m, the hopper door; n Welsh tile or other suitable covering. Fig. 5 shows the descending tube entering the chamber passing through the bearing bars of the grate. Fig. 6, is a section of the back well or reservoir formed so as to support the coil and to cause the soot and dust to fall to the bottom so as to be cleared out from the` doors z e a It will be seen from the above description that the ignited coal is surrounded onV three sides by a thickness of nine inch fire brickor Welsh lumps and that the hopper door over the fire is likewise placed in one; around the fire brick is a chamber four and a half Vinches wide containing the coil off pipes; the pipe enters this chamber passing `through the bearing bars of the grate which is of brick work nine inchesthick and the whole is covered with Welsh luinp and tile. H The smoke leaving the ignited materials passes through the chamber containing the pipes escaping through the opening at the.

back. y .e e

The meaning of Vthus surrounding the Vre with a thickness of fire brick (a good non` i conductor of heat) is to prevent the too .e y

rapid abstraction of heat by the coils in the chamber, the coil only comes into contact with the re at the opening in frontv where the smoke leaves the ignited. embers.

This construction of furnace is the best calculated to preserve equality of heatV and to obtain the greatest effect from any given Vquantity of fuel, the heat generated is rapidly absorbed by the water or other fluid or fluid metal ascending through the pipes and 

